The intensity of an ordinary light source decays with the inverse square of the distance. The 3ds max photometric lights always conformed to inverse square law, also known as quadratic decay. The cone angles also do not affect the decay of intensity over distance. We're getting a decay effect over the radius, but the actual light is a point light source. Also the cone angles don't affect the softness of the lighting, known as suffusion. The cone angles do not affect the softness of shadows. So, I can reduce the hotspot, make that smaller. Okay, the effect I want to achieve here is of a soft spot. And again, it does that by changing the overall intensity and lumens. So Max has set up to try to maintain that regardless of the distribution type you choose. And for that reason, if we switch our light distribution type back over to uniform spherical, we actually did not see any change in the illumination on our subject. With hotspot and fall off both set to the same value, there's no variation in intensity across the field or across the area illuminated by the spotlight. And now we get kind of a limelight effect of a super sharp edge.
And now we can set hotspot and fall off to exactly the same value. If you want a super sharp edge, you can set that to a value of zero and click okay. We see hotspot fall off angle separation. We can go to customize, preferences in the rendering tab. And if I set the hotspot to 18, then the fall off is automatically going to be 20. If I set the fall off to 18, then the hotspot is going to automatically be 16. It's a minimum of two degrees by default. Okay, well, what's happening here is that behind the scenes, Max is maintaining a minimum difference between the hotspot and the fall off.
As we reduce that, if we reduce it enough we will start to see the hotspot value change as well. To get a sharper spotlight, we can reduce these cone angles. Then the illumination will diminish to zero intensity at the falloff cone radius.
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The illumination is going to be at full intensity within that hotspot cone. I'll orbit around with Alt and middle mouse. The hotspot is indicated in the view port by this inner yellow cone. Hotspot and fall off determine the spread and the softness of the edge. In the distribution spotlight rollout, we have two important parameters here, hotspot beam and fall off field. And that's one of the reasons I prefer to work in candelas whenever possible. So the overall output is automatically reduced in order to maintain the same brightness over a smaller area.
But spotlight distribution constrains the illumination within these cone angles. So uniform spherical distribution emits light 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically in all directions. Max did this in order to maintain the same approximate level of incident light on the surfaces. And most interestingly, if we look at our intensity it's no longer 188,000. In the view port we now see a cone and a couple of concentric cones. Okay, we didn't see a lot change in our rendering. Now let's change the distribution type down here in the general parameters rollout. The lumens equivalent of 15,000 candelas is 188,000 lumens or so. Let's switch over to lumens for a moment. And now it's illuminating the surface of the sculpture pretty well. We'll increase the number of candelas by factor of 10, increase that to 15,000. I'll select that, go to the modify panel. What we have currently is a default photometric light for the key light. And so they're rendering as black in the view port here. Those are currently disabled, they're turned off. I've also got a fill light and a couple of rim lights. I've got a dramatic, sort of theatrical scene set up here, in which I've got a key light, which is going to be a spotlight. The other distribution type we will want to use very commonly for a Max photometric light is spotlight, which will emit light in a cone shape.
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